Saturday, August 11, 2012

Final Posting of the Summer: A Reflection of My Postings on Atherosclerosis


            Thank you for all those people who have read these posts about atherosclerosis. I hope you found them interesting and helpful.
            What started as an English blog assignment, has become a learning experience.  While making these posts as a new blogger, it helped me understand atherosclerosis even better than before I began this blog.
If this is your first time viewing my blog, here is the list of postings I have made in the past and a brief summary to reiterate what I have discussed about atherosclerosis.
Ø  A brief introduction of me and the description of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the buildup of plaque in the arterial walls. It can occur in any region of the body including the brain, heart, and legs.

Ø  In this post, I mentioned the possibility of replacing blood vessels affected by atherosclerosis. Replacement vessels must be retrieved from another part of the patient's body. The potential of artificial blood vessels is also commented in this post.

Ø  Just as the title says, it contains a descriptive commentary of how the nervous system of the brain can affect atherosclerosis. Primarily, blood vessel dilation, or contraction, and blood pressure is affected by hormones from the brain.

Ø  A major factor that plays a role in atherosclerosis is cholesterol. Knowing the difference between LDL and HDL cholesterol can be beneficial.

Ø  In this post, I briefly stated the signs and symptoms of atherosclerosis. Common causes of atherosclerosis include, old age, smoking, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Common symptoms includes, pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, and stroke. Obtaining regular check-ups at your nearest medical facility can help catch disease at an early stage.  

Ø  The importance of basic exercise is emphasized in this post. Basic exercise includes jogging, walking, yoga, swimming, jump rope, and etc. The promotion of nitric oxide from exercise helps maintain your blood vessels elasticity. Some exercise is always better than none.

Ø  In this post, I noted that atherosclerosis is not always developed from eating habits, but genetics may play a role as well. An Olympic athlete died from heart attack because of atherosclerosis. Even though he was a championship swimmer, he had a trace of atherosclerosis that may have been inherited from someone in his family.

Ø  This post is comprised of facts and the deception society should be aware of when it comes down to trans fats.  There is general consensus that trans fats are bad for health. Consumers need to read nutritional labels, even if they say 0 grams of trans fat. Avoid any processed food in packages and the term "partially hydrogenated" oil.  Trans fat allow food manufacturers to make products with longer shelf life.  

Ø  This informative post contains beneficial food products that can help against atherosclerosis. Eating fresh fruits and vegetables can always be beneficial.

            After developing these posts over the summer, I have come to realize that my own diet is filled with flaws and trans fats. I noticed myself continually progressing towards eating more fresh fruits and vegetables. Avoiding fast food places like McDonald's and Starbucks has been my first few steps. I find myself developing a new routing of oatmeal in the morning and salad for lunch.
            In addition, reading other articles about atherosclerosis and forums about health topics has become a favorite past time for me.  Some of my favorites belong to other science blogs and websites. A few sites I read about atherosclerosis include:




I hoped you enjoyed reading what I have to offer about atherosclerosis. If you have any comments or concerns, feel free to leave a comment, or email me.


Sunday, August 5, 2012

Natural Remedies for Preventing Atherosclerosis

             Natural remedies can help prevent atherosclerosis. Although in severe cases of atherosclerosis natural remedies may not be of much effect, the best way to approach to any disease is prevention. Exercise and a healthy diet is a good way to start in the prevention of atherosclerosis. I previously discussed these topics in one of my previous posts about exercise and diets, so feel free to browse around the site.   In this particular post, I will focus on the natural remedies that help prevent atherosclerosis.


Green Tea
            Green tea is known to provide numerous health benefits. Among the health benefits green tea provide includes reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.  Green tea contain antioxidants that help fight against atherosclerosis by improving vascular health.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids
            Omega-3 fatty acids are known to reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and increased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Although omega-3 fatty acids are available as supplements containing docosahexaenoic acid, or DHA, they are easily acquired naturally from food. Among the top sources of omega-3 fatty acids include seeds (i.e. flaxseed) and fish (i.e. salmon).

The following link contains the Top 100 Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids.

Hawthorn
           Although hawthorn fruits is popular in the Asian community, researchers have found that hawthorn fruits may have potential medicinal purposes related to atherosclerosis. In the journal American Journal of Chinese Medicine, an article titled, "A study of the comparative effects of hawthorn fruit compound and simvastatin on lowering blood lipid levels", showed that there is potential benefits associated with the consumption of the hawthorn fruit. The hawthorn fruit helps reduce fat and cholesterol, the major components in plaque buildup in atherosclerosis. In other studies, the hawthorn fruit even helped with blood pressure and chronic heart failure. Some subjects even reported having an increases tolerance for exercise and higher threshold for fatigue.
 
Here is the picture of the Hawthorn fruit and its dried medicinal appearance:


Pomegranate Juice
            Pomegranate juice is both tasty and healthy. In the American Journal of Cardiology, Micheal Sumner and et. al. published an article on the "Effects of Pomegranate Juice Consumption on Myocardial Perfusion in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease". These researchers found that pomegranate juice helps reduce stress-induced myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary heart disease. Pomegranate also have one of the highest levels of antioxidants compare to any other fruit. Antioxidants help the body protect against free radicals that oxidize cells and molecules in the body, including the oxidation of LDL cholesterol that lead to plaque buildup.   



Flavonoids
            Flavonoids help reduce atherogenesis by helping with decreasing blood pressure, inhibiting LDL oxidation, and improving dyslipidemia. Flavonoids can be found throughout vegetables and fruits. But be aware that only natural fruits and vegetables contain these health benefits, not artificial oils made to smell, look, and taste like fruits and vegetables. Some of the most popular food containing flavonoids are soy, cocoa, grapes, and black or green tea.

Flavonoid
A picture containing some foods containing flavonoids:

Although these are just a list of some of the potential natural remedies of atherosclerosis, the general idea is to avoid animal products, with the exception to fish, and focus on vegetables or fruits.

References:


3.      Wang QM, Gong QY, Yan JJ, Zhu J, Tang JJ, Wang MW, et al. Association between green tea intake and coronary artery disease in a Chinese population. Circ J 2010; 74: 294–300.
4.      Graham HN. Green tea composition, consumption, and polyphenol chemistry. Prev Med 1992; 21: 334–350.

5.      Hirano R, Momiyama Y, Takahashi R, Taniguchi H, Kondo K, Nakamura H, et al. Comparison of green tea intake in Japanese patients with and without angiographic coronary artery disease.
6.      Guillot N, Caillet E, Laville M, Calzada C, Lagarde M, Véricel E. "Increasing intakes of the long-chain omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid: effects on platelet functions and redox status in healthy men." FASEB J. 2009 23(9):2909-16.
8.      Xu H, Xu HE, Ryan D. "A study of the comparative effects of hawthorn fruit compound and simvastatin on lowering blood lipid levels." Am J Chin Med. 2009;37(5):903-8.

Thursday, August 2, 2012

How Trans Fats Can Affect Atherosclerosis

                Trans Fat, associated with unsaturated fats, can promote atherosclerosis.  However, do not mistake that all unsaturated fats are bad. Only saturated fats and trans fats are bad.
                 Geometric isomers exist as either cis (Z) or trans (E) isomers. The name "trans" is associated with the geometrical orientation of the two bulkiest carbon chains facing opposing sides. 
                A diagram here will help clarify what I mean:

*note: methyl = CH3
                Cis-isomers are naturally occurring most of the time, while trans-isomers are typically synthesized.  A trans fat occurs when food companies "partially hydrogenise" their oils so they can have a longer shelf life.  Nevertheless, if food companies meet the maximum allowed amount of trans fat per serving, or half a gram per serving, the United States Food and Drug Administration, or FDA,  allows food companies  to label their products as "Zero" trans fat. But this is simply not true. During the hydrogenation process both cis and trans isomers will form. So unless your ingredient label says fully hydrogenated, then you probably still have some trans fats in your food product. 
                Some examples of food containing trans fat, or partially hydrogenated ingredients:
Ø  Vegetable oils
Ø  Ice cream
Ø  Spreads (i.e. Margarine, shortening, butter, etc.)
Ø  Soups (i.e Cup noodle or ramen soup)
Ø  Fast food
Ø  Packaged food (i.e. cake mixes)
Ø  Frozen food
Ø  Candy
Ø  Baked goods (i.e. cookies)
Ø  Chips and crackers

Well the list goes on, but these are some of the top ranking food containing trans fat.
                Trans fat, or trans-fatty acids, has recently been identified to increase levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and decrease levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.  Trans fat can also be associated with the inflammation in the arteries, and cause cell membrane changes that make them leaky to calcium. The summation of high LDL cholesterol, inflammation, and calcification in the arteries increases the chances of heart diseases caused by atherosclerosis.
                 In an article published in the Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, "A Mechanism By Which Dietary Trans Fats Cause Atherosclerosis", researchers have found a direct correlation between trans fat and a protein that influences the development of heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.   Researchers identify this protein as a "transforming growth factor", or TGF, that prevents atherosclerosis. By studying people with a high trans fat diet, the research study found that the TGF in these people were less responsive and their arteries had more significant blockage of blood flow than individuals with lower trans fats diet. 
                A hypothesis suggests that the body may recognize trans fats as saturated fats; therefore, the body treats these (saturated) fats as any other regular saturated fats.
                Henceforth, the take-home message is that trans fats are bad. Although in today's modern society groceries and supermarkets all carry something with trans fats, it is simply a matter of having the knowledge and ability to make the right choices. Personally, I like to read nutritional labels and I avoid all partially hydrogenate ingredients and stick to fresh fruits and vegetables.  

                Last, but not least, I leave you with some quick tips on trans fats:
Ø  Avoid the frozen aisle
Ø  Read the back of the label and not just the front

Ø  Look for and avoid the term "partially hydrogenated", even if it says trans fat free!  


References: